{"id":3753,"date":"2021-06-22T15:28:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T15:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/northwestern-fall-2020\/?page_id=3753"},"modified":"2025-10-01T19:13:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T19:13:04","slug":"churches","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/chicago\/churches\/","title":{"rendered":"Churches"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Page Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Exhibit Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.6&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; global_module=&#8221;6078&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50Ijoic2l0ZV90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMj4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDI+In19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Section Title&#8221; module_id=&#8221;section-title&#8221; module_class=&#8221;page-header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Making Black Chicago<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Page Title&#8221; module_id=&#8221;page-title&#8221; module_class=&#8221;page-header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Churches<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div id=\"lipsum\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Chicagoans developed religious institutions that became hubs for the community and wellsprings of activism. Early Black congregations often met in people\u2019s homes until they had enough money to purchase a plot of land and construct a building. <a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/foundations\/founding-independent-churches\/\">Church buildings<\/a> provided venues for worship but also for education, recreation, and political organizing. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Methodists in Chicago formalized their connection with the A.M.E. Church in 1847, and by 1850, the congregation was a center of education and civil rights organizing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In September of 1850, Quinn Chapel A.M.E. Church hosted a meeting of more than 300 Chicagoans, Black and white, who gathered to organize resistance to the federal Fugitive Slave Act. They decided to create patrols that would search out slavecatchers who came to Chicago and warn residents of their presence. Weeks later, the Chicago City Council passed resolutions declaring that city officials would not help enforce the repressive new law.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2021\/09\/nypl.digitalcollections.510d47de-4d5b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.001.w.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;CCP_096_QuinnChapel-1925&#8243; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church<br \/><\/strong>Photograph of the first A.M.E. Church, Quinn Chapel in Chicago, circa 1925. This building was constructed in 1892. (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/510d47de-4d5b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99\" target=\"blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. &#8220;Quinn Chapel, A.M.E. Church.&#8221; New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed Jan. 4, 2022<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2021\/09\/Olivet-Baptist-Church.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Olivet Baptist Church&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;477.8px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;13px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Olivet Baptist Church<br \/><\/strong>Photograph of Chicago&#8217;s Olivet Baptist Church at 27th and Dearborn, where the congregation gathered beginning in 1893 before moving to its current location at 3101 South King Drive in 1918 . (Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations, <em>The Negro in Chicago; a study of race relations and a race riot<\/em> [Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1922], 140. Courtesy of <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/negroinchicagost00chic_0\/page\/n8\/mode\/1up?view=theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet Archive<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto||auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During 1853, Quinn Chapel\u2019s congregation raised funds to erect a new church, which they consecrated on November 20th of that year. Bishop William Paul Quinn, the church\u2019s namesake, presided over the event, along with the A.M.E. Church\u2019s General Book steward, Rev. Molliston Madison Clark. One of the earliest events hosted in the new building was a lecture on \u201cWoman\u2019s Rights\u201d by Rev. Clark. The new Quinn Chapel, described as \u201clarge and commodious,\u201d became home to a literary and debating society. Befitting the church\u2019s role as a space for political organizing as well as religious worship, in January of 1854 Black Chicagoans gathered there and resolved that they \u201c<i>mean to remain here<\/i>\u201d and fight for their rights as Americans.[1]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Baptists in the city also became increasingly organized during the 1850s. The first known African American Baptist church in the city was established in spring 1853, when Elder <a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/delegates\/robert-jonathan-robinson\/\">R. J. Robinson<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> visited from southwestern Illinois. He was a leader and traveling agent of the Wood River Association. Robinson held several meetings among Black Chicagoans, and by the time he left town, they had established Zoar Baptist Church.[2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the 1860s, Chicago\u2019s African Americans had formed several additional independent Black churches.[3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">] <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These institutions provided spiritual sustenance, as well as spaces for socializing, education, and activism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto||auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h4>Sources<\/h4>\n<p>1. William Smith and J. D. Bonner, \u201cMass Meeting of the Colored Citizens of Chicago,\u201d <i>Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper,<\/i> Jan. 13, 1854; \u201cAfrican Methodist Church,\u201d <i>Chicago Daily Journal, <\/i>Nov. 19, 1853; \u201cThe African Methodist E. Church,\u201d <i>Chicago Daily Journal, <\/i>Nov. 25, 1853. Christopher R. Reed, <i>Black Chicago\u2019s First Century: Volume 1, 1833-1900 <\/i>(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005), 92.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u201cOrganization of a Colored Baptist Church in Chicago,\u201d <i>Western Citizen, <\/i>April 5, 1853.<\/p>\n<p>3. Miles Mark Fisher, \u201cNegro Churches in Illinois: A Fragmentary History with emphasis on Chicago,\u201d <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society<\/i> 56, no. 3 (1963), 556-57.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;References&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Credits<\/h4>\n<p>Written by Hope McCaffrey. Edited by Kate Masur.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Making Black ChicagoChurches Black Chicagoans developed religious institutions that became hubs for the community and wellsprings of activism. Early Black congregations often met in people\u2019s homes until they had enough money to purchase a plot of land and construct a building. Church buildings provided venues for worship but also for education, recreation, and political organizing. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":6829,"parent":3746,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3753","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Churches - Black Organizing in Pre-Civil War Illinois: Creating Community, Demanding Justice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/chicago\/churches\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Churches - Black Organizing in Pre-Civil War Illinois: Creating Community, Demanding Justice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Making Black ChicagoChurches Black Chicagoans developed religious institutions that became hubs for the community and wellsprings of activism. 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