{"id":4553,"date":"2021-09-10T15:28:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T15:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/northwestern-fall-2020\/delegates\/profile-template-copy\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T21:34:36","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T21:34:36","slug":"james-bonner","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/delegates\/james-bonner\/","title":{"rendered":"James D. Bonner"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Delegates and their Families<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Page Title” module_id=”page-title” module_class=”page-header” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

James D. Bonner<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2021\/10\/CCP_025_JonesBonnerIntelligenceOffice-1854.png” title_text=”CCP_025_JonesBonnerIntelligenceOffice-1854″ show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”13px” text_line_height=”1.3em” header_font_size=”13px” custom_margin=”-11px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Jones and Bonner Intelligence Office, 1854
<\/strong>An advertisement for the “Intelligence Office” that James Bonner and John Jones organized. (Source: Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/em>, April 7, 1854. Courtesy of Accessible Archives<\/a>.<\/span>)<\/p>\n

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“‘Tis but too apparent, I fear, that Illinois is not yet sufficiently christianized and repentant, as to do justice to her disfranchised<\/em> but loyal<\/em> citizens.”<\/h2>\n

\u2014 James D. Bonner,\u00a0Frederick Douglass’ Paper<\/em>, Feb. 9, 1855.<\/p>\n

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James D. Bonner was a prominent Chicago activist in the early 1850s. Very little is known of his early life. He was born in North Carolina and, according to family history, his mother was Native American and his father was white. Bonner married Mary Louisa Bogle, the daughter of Robert Bogle of Philadelphia, who was born enslaved but later became a prominent chef. In fact, W. E. B. Du Bois credited Bogle with inventing the business of catering.[1<\/span>] <\/span>James and Mary had four children: Galila Virginia (b. 1836), Isabella Julia (b. 1838), Rosalie Amelia (b. 1841), and Percy W. (b. 1850)<\/span><\/p>\n

James and Mary Louisa Bonner moved to St. Louis in the 1840s and settled in Chicago by the early 1850s. James Bonner quickly became involved in Chicago\u2019s busy and growing Black freedom movement. He chaired the May 1853 meeting in Quinn Chapel<\/a> where Black Chicagoans resolved to hold a state convention. Bonner told the <\/span>Western Citizen <\/span><\/i>that the plan was to \u201ctake action\u201d for the purpose of \u201cawakening our dormant powers, arousing our energies, and bringing about a more general activity in the work of our own redemption.\u201d[2] <\/span><\/p>\n

Bonner became involved in the national convention movement when, in July 1853, he traveled with John Jones<\/a>, Henry O. Wagoner<\/a>, and Byrd Parker<\/a><\/span> to the National Colored Convention in Rochester, New York. At that meeting, delegates organized the \u201cNational Council of the Colored People,\u201d and Bonner was elected Vice President. <\/span><\/p>\n

Returning to Chicago, Bonner <\/span>served as a Cook County delegate at the statewide <\/a><\/span>convention in Chicago in October 1853. <\/span>Bonner also sustained his efforts in the national movement, traveling to New York City two months later to convene with the National Council. There, he argued vehemently for establishing a coeducational American Industrial School for Black students<\/span>.[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2022\/01\/CCP_155_TremontBlock-1865-scaled.jpeg” title_text=”CCP_155_TremontBlock-1865″ show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”13px” text_line_height=”1.5em” global_colors_info=”{}”]Tremont Hotel Block, circa 1865
\n<\/strong>An 1865 photo of the the Tremont block on the corner of Dearborn and Lake streets, where James D. Bonner had his “gentleman’s clothing store” in the 1850s. (Source: Courtesy of The J. Paul Getty Museum<\/a>, John Carbutt photographer, Gift of Weston J. and Mary M. Naef.)[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

James Bonner sought to empower Chicago\u2019s Black residents through community building and mutual aid. He helped raise money to fund construction of the new Quinn Chapel in 1853, collecting subscriptions at his \u201cgentleman\u2019s clothing store in Tremont block.\u201d In 1854, he and Jones opened an \u201cIntelligence Office\u201d on Dearborn Street. The pair promised to help African Americans arriving in the city procure positions as \u201cClerks, Seamstresses,\u201d and \u201cChambermaids.\u201d They also loaned money and rented houses. Bonner expressed outrage in 1855 when Illinois Governor Joel A. Mattson urged the state legislature to appropriate funds to white-led colonization efforts. He advised Frederick Douglass that their movement must \u201cstrangle this Southern monster\u2014this colonization humbug\u2014\u2018tis the greatest obstacle in the way of the colored man\u2019s elevation in the United States.\u201d[4]<\/span><\/p>\n

The mid-1850s also brought great loss to the Bonner family. James\u2019s wife, Mary Louisa, passed away from tuberculosis in April 1854, and the couple\u2019s daughter, Isabella, died of the disease months later, at just 16 years old. Despite the sorrow he must have experienced, Bonner kept fighting. He remarried in the fall of 1855. That September, he informed readers of <\/span>Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper <\/span><\/i>that Stephen A. Douglas, the Illinois senator who had (in)famously masterminded the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act\u00a0 was \u201cnow shamed and loathed\u201d by the people of Illinois. Illinoisans were hopeful, Bonner wrote, \u201cthat in a short time we will have a Senator who will utter in Congress, the <\/span>true <\/span><\/i>sentiments of his constituents.\u201d[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

Sadly, James D. Bonner\u2019s new marriage as well as his activism were cut short by his sudden death from typhoid, a bacterial infection, in December of 1855. His death shocked and saddened Henry O. Wagoner<\/a>, who eulogized Bonner in the pages of <\/span>Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/span><\/i>. \u201cIn my humble opinion,\u201d wrote Wagoner, \u201cwe, of Illinois, have lost one of our brightest stars, and, perhaps, strongest man in a public way\u2026 He was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of Liberty for all mankind. And he was ever ready and willing to make any reasonable sacrifice in doing what he could for the oppressed and proscribed of our own land.\u201d[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ admin_label=”Sources”]<\/p>\n

Sources<\/h4>\n

1. Illinois Land and Loan Co. v. Bonner<\/i>, in Norman L. Freeman, Reports of Cases at Law and in Chancery Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Illinois Vol. 75, Containing the Remaining Cases Submitted at the September Term, 1874<\/i> (Springfield: The Reporter, 1876), 319-320; \u201cDied \u2014 Mrs. Mary Louisa,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, May 12, 1854; W.E.B. Du Bois, Negro in Philadelphia: A Social Study <\/i>(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1899), 33-34.<\/p>\n

2. \u201cMass Meeting of the Colored People,\u201d Western Citizen<\/i>, May 4, 1853; Julie Winch, The Clamorgans: One Family\u2019s History of Race in America<\/i> (New York: Hill and Wang, 2011), 123, 154; Christopher Robert Reed, Black Chicago\u2019s First Century: Volume 1, 1833-1900 <\/i>(\u200b\u200bColumbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 2005), 90.<\/p>\n

3. \u201cNational Colored Convention,\u201d The Liberator<\/i>, July 22, 1853; \u201cPlan of the American Industrial School,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper, <\/i>March 24, 1854. For the meeting, see \u201cThe \u2018National Council\u2019,\u201d The Liberator<\/i>, Dec. 23, 1853.<\/p>\n

4. The African Methodist Church,\u201d Western Citizen<\/i>, April 5, 1853; \u201cJones & Bonner, Intelligence Office,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, April 7, 1854; \u201cLetter from J. D. Bonner,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, Feb. 9 , 1855.<\/p>\n

5. \u201cDied,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, May 12, 1854; \u201cDied,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, July 6, 1855; \u201cA Good Man Has Fallen,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, Dec. 14, 1855; \u201cLetter from James D. Bonner,\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, Oct. 5, 1855.<\/p>\n

6. \u201cDeath of James D. Bonner\u201d Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/i>, Dec. 14, 1855.<\/p>\n

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Credits<\/h4>\n

Written by Hope McCaffrey. Edited by Kate Masur.<\/p>\n

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