{"id":4581,"date":"2021-09-10T15:50:39","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T15:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/northwestern-fall-2020\/delegates\/profile-template-copy\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T22:44:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T22:44:14","slug":"mary-mann","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/delegates\/mary-mann\/","title":{"rendered":"Mary E. Mann"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Delegates and their Families<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Page Title” module_id=”page-title” module_class=”page-header” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0px||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Mary E. Mann<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-illinois-organizing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2021\/10\/CCP_039_ChicagoHighSchool-1884.png” title_text=”CCP_039_ChicagoHighSchool-1884″ show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”13px” text_line_height=”1.3em” header_font_size=”13px” custom_margin=”-11px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Chicago High School
<\/strong>(Source: A. T. Andreas. \u201cHistory of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time vol I” (Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1884), 218. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Mary E. Mann made Chicago history when she applied for admission to the city\u2019s high school in 1861. Though the Board of Education initially rejected her application, Mary went on to become the first African American to attend and graduate from a Chicago public high school and the first African American to hold a board-appointed position at a city public school.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mann was likely born in the 1840s. Although her ancestry remains murky, it is possible that she was the daughter of Isaac Mann, a Virginia-born African American barber, and Martha Mann, who was born in Illinois. Mary Mann attended Dearborn Elementary School, located on the corner of Madison and Dearborn Streets, with the rest of the children in her neighborhood\u2014both white and African American. After graduating, Mary applied for admission to Chicago\u2019s only public high school.[1<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

The co-educational high school opened in 1856 in a large, ten-room building on Monroe Street near Halsted. The school was selective. To be admitted to the two-year program that prepared young women for teaching, applicants had to take an entrance exam and earn qualifying scores in four different subjects: mathematics, history, geography, and grammar. Mary took the exam, earned qualifying scores, and applied for admission in 1861.[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

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“Well Done, Chicago!”<\/b><\/span>
Douglass’ Monthly<\/i> published an article celebrating Mary E. Mann’s acceptance into the Normal School. (Source: \u201cWell Done, Chicago!\u201d Douglass\u2019 Monthly<\/i>, Sep., 1861. Courtesy of Accessible Archives<\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\n

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The Board of Education rejected her application, <\/span>igniting a debate<\/span><\/a> both in public and among members of the Board of Education<\/span>. She was finally granted entry to the school in July 1861, after John Wentworth, a Republican board member, pushed for her admission. Frederick Douglass praised city authorities in his magazine, exclaiming, \u201cWell done, Chicago! you have acted nobly.\u201d Mary completed the two-year teaching program in 1863, graduating tenth in her class of twenty-two. That summer, the Board of Education hired her as principal of the newly created separate school for African American children, and she remained in that job during the school\u2019s two-year existence.[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

Mary Mann was the first African American to apply for and gain admission to a public high school in Chicago, the first to graduate from one, and the first to earn an appointment (either administrative or instructive) at a public school in Chicago.\u00a0<\/span>When <\/span>activist organizing paid off<\/span> and a new city charter closed down the segregated African American school, Mary continued to work as a teacher.[4]<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sources<\/h4>\n

1. It is not certain that Isaac Mann was Mary\u2019s father, but an entry in the US Census for 1850 is suggestive. A barber would have had the means to advocate for his daughter\u2019s education, and Mary is listed as seven years old in the 1850 census, making her around the right age for high school in 1861. Moreover, newspaper articles mention \u201cher parents\u201d and this is the only African American Mary E. Mann found in the 1850 census in Chicago with both parents present. \u201cRegular Meeting of the Board of Education,\u201d Chicago Tribune, <\/i>July 29, 1861; City of Chicago, Department of Planning and Development, Chicago Public School Buildings, Pre-1940 Context Statement, <\/i>Bauer Latoza Studio, accessed Sept. 7, 2021, https:\/\/www.chicago.gov\/content\/dam\/city\/depts\/zlup\/Historic_Preservation\/Publications\/CPS_Bldgs_Pre_1940_Context_Statement.pdf<\/a>, \u200b5; Matthew D. Bernstein, \u201cProgress is Painful: Race Relations and Education in Chicago Before the Great Migration\u201d (University of New Mexico, History Electronic Theses and Diss. 2008), 19.<\/p>\n

2. \u201cThe High School. Interesting Anniversary Exercises at Bryan Hall,\u201d Chicago Tribune<\/i>, July 11, 1863; Marjorie Warvelle Bear, A Mile Square of Chicago <\/i>(Oak Brook: TIPRAC, 2007), 84.<\/p>\n

3. \u201cWell Done, Chicago!\u201d Douglass\u2019 Monthly<\/i>, Sep., 1861; Robert McCaul, The Black Struggle for Public Schooling in Nineteenth-Century Illinois<\/i> (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987), 58; \u201cThe High School. Interesting Anniversary Exercises at Bryan Hall,\u201d Chicago Tribune<\/i>, July 11, 1863; \u201cRegular Meeting of the Board of Education. Chicago, July 27, 1861,\u201d Chicago Tribune<\/i>, July 29, 1861; Alexander M. Gow and Samuel A. Briggs, eds., The Illinois Teacher: Devoted to Education, Science and Free Schools, Volume 9 <\/i>(Peoria: N. C. Nason, 1863), 263.<\/p>\n

4. McCaul, Black Struggle for Public Schooling, <\/i>58-59; Bernstein, \u201cProgress is Painful,\u201d 19.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Credits” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Credits<\/h4>\n

Written by Hope McCaffrey. Edited by Kate Masur.<\/p>\n

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Though the Board of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":6829,"parent":3469,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4581","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMary E. 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