{"id":1793,"date":"2018-04-28T21:54:33","date_gmt":"2018-04-28T21:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/?page_id=1793"},"modified":"2025-04-13T14:32:31","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T18:32:31","slug":"stephen-myers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/delegates\/stephen-myers\/","title":{"rendered":"Stephen Myers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.48&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; width=&#8221;80%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Page Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.21.1&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS<\/h3>\n<h1>STEPHEN MYERS<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.4&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2790\" style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/Stephen-Myers.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2790\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2790\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/Stephen-Myers.png\" alt=\"Engraving portrait, black and white, 1891\" width=\"286\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/Stephen-Myers.png 286w, https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/Stephen-Myers-211x300.png 211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2790\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library. &#8220;Stephen Myers. ; Willis A. Hodges.&#8221; <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/510d47dd-e972-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99\">New York Public Library Digital Collections<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Stephen Myers was born a slave in Hooksick, New York, in 1800. At age eighteen, he was emancipated and began to work on a commercial steam vessel that sailed back and forth between Albany and New York, New York.[note]Mealey, Rich. &#8220;Myers, Stephen (1800-1870).&#8221; Myers, Stephen (1800-1870). Black Past, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2013.[\/note] In 1827, he married Harriet Johnson, and together they had four children. Stephen Myers spent most of his life advocating for the emancipation and advancement of African Americans.<\/p>\n<p>Apart from working in a steam vessel, he also worked as publisher of the short-lived abolitionist paper <em>The Elevator<\/em>, which was in production for two years. In that time, he had been building his reputation as a leading abolitionist in Albany. He later went on to become the editor of <em>The Northern Star<\/em> and <em>Freemans\u2019 Advocate<\/em>, which merged with another publication. <em>The Impartial Citizen<\/em> was the result of this merger, and Myers served as its editor. His reputation as an eloquent and outspoken activist helped him attain this position, as he did not receive a formal education.[note]Peter Williams, et al., \u201cLetters from Negro Leaders to Gerrit Smith,\u201d <em>The Journal of Negro History<\/em> 27:4 (October 1942); C. Peter Ripley, ed., <em>The Black Abolitionist Papers<\/em>, Vol. I, III, IV (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986).[\/note] Many important articles in <em>The Impartial Citizen<\/em> yielded attention to the political status of African Americans, igniting interest and garnering support for Black activism. <em>The Impartial Citizen<\/em> later became part of <em>The North Star<\/em> and <em>Colored Farmer<\/em>, and Samuel Ringgold Ward replaced Myers as editor. In 1856, Myers started publishing a six-column monthly called <em>The Reporter<\/em>. <em>Provincial Freeman<\/em> lauded the monthly paper and Myer\u2019s reputation.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.4&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>As a member of the Albany Vigilance Committee, Myers appeared at many events and conferences to deliver speeches. The passing of the Fugitive Slave Laws compelled many African Americans, freed and enslaved, to flee to Canada via the Underground Railroad. Myers stayed in Albany, New York, as he was elected onto the executive committee for the American League of Colored Laborers, the first union for African Americans. He kept the position for two years until he went back to publishing; he started a paper called <em>The Telegraph and [Temperance] Journal<\/em>. The paper strongly advocated for Black voting rights and fought for affordable housing. In particular, it called for the repeal of the discriminatory and exorbitant property tax ($250) African Americans were required to pay to buy a home. In 1855, Myers announced that <em>The Telegraph and Journal<\/em> would be incorporated in <em>Frederick Douglass\u2019 Paper<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Myers\u2019 contribution to Black print and activism was invaluable. Throughout the course of his life, he published numerous articles and supported publications that inserted Black voice into a discourse that sought to silence it. Stephen Myers died in February 1870, five years after his wife died of natural causes.[note]Correction: &#8220;Stephen Myers,&#8221; <em>Albany Evening Journal<\/em>, February 16, 1870, American&#8217;s Historical Newspapers. Myers&#8217;s death was previously noted as October 29, 1870 based on the United States, Albany Rural Cemetary. Ancestry.com. Menands, New York, Albany Rural Cemetary Cards, 1791-2011. Albany: Albany Rural Cemetary, 1870. Ancestry.com. Web. 6 July 2013.[\/note]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/01\/Panorama-from-Philadelphia-State-House-steeple-1838.jpg&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221;][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.92&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.77)&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; module_class=&#8221; et_pb_row_fullwidth&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|2em||2em&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Gallery&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-1793 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/ANOTHER-PAPER.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/ANOTHER-PAPER-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A newspaper clipping from 1856\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2792\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2792'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;Another Paper.&#8221; Provincial Freeman, 6 Dec. 1856. From Accessible Archives \u00a9 2016 Accessible Archives Inc. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/The-Free-Democracy-of-the-First-Assembly-District-at-Hudson.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/The-Free-Democracy-of-the-First-Assembly-District-at-Hudson-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"newspaper clipping, an election notice for the editor of Telegraph and Temperance Journal\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2793\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2793'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;The Free Democracy of the First Assembly District at Hudson.&#8221; Frederick Douglass&#8217; Paper, 1 Oct. 1852. From Accessible Archives \u00a9 2016 Accessible Archives Inc. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/THE-IMPARTIAL-CITIZEN-The-above-title-has-just-been-as.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/THE-IMPARTIAL-CITIZEN-The-above-title-has-just-been-as-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"newspaper clipping from 1849\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2794\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2794'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;The Impartial Citizen.&#8221; The North Star, 2 Feb. 1849. From Accessible Archives \u00a9 2016 Accessible Archives Inc. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/TO-THE-READERS-OF-THE-TELEGRAPH-AND-JOURNAL.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/10\/TO-THE-READERS-OF-THE-TELEGRAPH-AND-JOURNAL-e1539638070653-150x132.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"newspaper clipping from 1855\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2795\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2795'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;To the Readers of The Telegraph and Journal.&#8221; Frederick Douglass&#8217; Paper, 4 May 1855. From Accessible Archives \u00a9 2016 Accessible Archives Inc. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; width=&#8221;80%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Credits Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.21.1&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Credits<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Credits Content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||on||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Submitted by Jeff Clampitt, English 110, Spring 2013, Taught by Professor James Casey, University of Delaware.<\/p>\n<p>Revised and Edited by Samantha de Vera and Kelli Coles, University of Delaware.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;References Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.21.1&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS STEPHEN MYERS Stephen Myers was born a slave in Hooksick, New York, in 1800. 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