{"id":1872,"date":"2018-04-29T00:16:56","date_gmt":"2018-04-29T00:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/?page_id=1872"},"modified":"2025-04-13T14:32:25","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T18:32:25","slug":"sarah-roberts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/associated-women\/sarah-roberts\/","title":{"rendered":"Sarah Roberts"},"content":{"rendered":"

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THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS<\/h3>\n

SARAH ROBERTS<\/h1>\n

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Sarah Roberts was born free to Benjamin and Adeline Roberts in Boston, Massachusetts in 1843.[note]Ancestry.com,\u00a0Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988<\/em>, accessed 16 Mar 2013.[\/note] Her father, Benjamin Roberts, was a prominent African American printer in Boston during the mid-nineteenth century. Benjamin Roberts\u2019 publishing work indicates the Roberts family\u2019s participation[note]\u201cRoberts vs. City of Boston Begins\u201d African American Registry<\/em>, Education Minnesota Foundation, accessed 18 Mar 2013.<\/p>\n

According to the African American Registry, \u201cThe lawsuit was part of an organized effort by the African American community to end racially segregated schools.\u201d The AAR\u2019s argument is not surprising, however, given Benjamin F. Roberts\u2019 work as a primary printer Light and Truth<\/em>, a text written in the early 1840s by an African American writer. While the validity of this argument is unclear, it provides and interesting perspective on the motivations guiding Roberts\u2019 legal actions, transforming them from a father\u2019s mission to improve his daughter\u2019s education to a strategic political maneuver.<\/p>\n

[\/note] in the larger African American community of Boston,[note] \u201cFrom the Liberator Meeting of Colored Citizens,\u201d\u00a0The North Star<\/em>, 24 Aug 1849, pg 3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0At least one news document evidences Benjamin Roberts\u2019 participation in a \u201cMeeting of Colored Citizens\u201d during 1849 that resulted in a compiled set of desired goals to be sent to Boston\u2019s mayor.<\/p>\n

[\/note] suggesting Sarah probably had an interest and background in the Boston African-American community’s debates, discussions, and conversations.<\/p>\n

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\"Black<\/a>

\u201cTurned Away from School,\u201d American Anti-Slavery Almanac, for 1839<\/em>, Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n

Very few records about the life of Sarah Roberts survive. A marriage certificate from 1867 shows that she married John Casneau, a ship\u2019s steward.[note]Ancestry.com,\u00a0Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988<\/em>, accessed 16 Mar 2013.[\/note] Unfortunately, she disappears from the records after 1867, except for the landmark court case bearing her name.<\/p>\n

Sarah Roberts is best remembered in connection with the debates about education during the 1855 National Colored Convention because of her position as the central figure in Robert Morris\u2019 landmark court case, Sarah Roberts v. The City of Boston<\/em>. The details of this case are as such: despite living just blocks away from her nearest elementary school, Sarah was forced to walk past five of these schools because they were designated for white children.[note]\u201cRoberts vs. City of Boston Begins\u201d\u00a0African American Registry<\/em>, Education Minnesota Foundation, accessed 18 Mar 2013.[\/note] After facing such discrimination, Sarah\u2019s father, Benjamin F. Roberts, sued[note]\u201cLight and Truth,\u201d\u00a0The Liberator<\/em>, 17 Nov 1843, n.p.[\/note] the city with the hope of gaining Sarah entry into one of these local establishments. The family and their legal team lost this case, emblematic of the institutionalized nature of racism during this period.[note]Perhaps one of the most notable aspects of this case is the fact that Benjamin Roberts entered it under his daughter\u2019s name. That is, the title is in fact \u201cSarah Roberts v. The City of Boston<\/em>.\u201d At five years old, this is a remarkable (and quite likely attention-gathering) decision. Benjamin Roberts was able to make this decision \u201cunder a statue which provided that any child, illegally excluded from the public schools, might recover damages against the city\u201d (Levy 512.)[\/note] The details of the Sarah Roberts v. The City of Boston<\/em> court case are intertwined with many of the educational discussions that took place at the 1855 Colored Convention. Because Sarah Roberts v. The City of Boston<\/em> evolved out of the Roberts family\u2019s struggles to enroll Sarah in a local elementary school, it relates closely with convention speeches surrounding segregated education and educational opportunities for African Americans, such as, the speech by James McCune Smith. Many critics have noted, however, that despite archival silences surrounding Sarah Roberts and her family, the legacy of her case lives on. Douglas Ficker, among other historians, describes Sarah Roberts v. The City of Boston<\/em> as influencing proceedings in cases like Plessy v. Ferguson<\/em> and Brown v. Board of Education<\/em>, which at the very least alleviated some traces of institutionalized racism in the United States\u2019 education system.<\/p>\n

Sarah and her family (and one of their lawyers, Robert Morris) are often overlooked in critical work surrounding this event. While generally speaking, nineteenth-century records tend to erase African American women\u2019s presence from the archive, Sarah Roberts’ erasure from public documents is particularly notable given the importance and popularity of the court case bearing her same name. That being said, the majority of critical attention has been placed on white abolitionist players like Charles Sumner or Judge Lemuel Shaw, who ruled against the Roberts family.<\/p>\n

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Credits<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Credits Content” _builder_version=”3.0.106″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_font_size=”14px” text_line_height=”1.8em” text_orientation=”left”]<\/p>\n

Elizabeth A. Boyle, English 634, Spring 2013, Taught by Professor P. Gabrielle Foreman, University of Delaware.<\/p>\n

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References<\/h3>\n

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THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS SARAH ROBERTS Sarah Roberts was born free to Benjamin and Adeline Roberts in Boston, Massachusetts in 1843.[note]Ancestry.com,\u00a0Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988, accessed 16 Mar 2013.[\/note] Her father, Benjamin Roberts, was a prominent African American printer in Boston during the mid-nineteenth century. 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