{"id":3954,"date":"2019-07-03T18:07:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-03T18:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/boarding-houses-copy\/"},"modified":"2025-04-13T14:32:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T18:32:33","slug":"bakeries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/","title":{"rendered":"Bakeries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.18.9&#8243; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.48&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; width=&#8221;80%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Section Header: Bakeries&#8221; module_class=&#8221;sec-header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.21.1&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS<\/h3>\n<h1>BAKERIES<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text: Cake and Pie Peddlers&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.4&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cake and Pie Peddlers:<\/strong> Devonshire and Grace Williams lived in Lisle St. for more than 40 years. Grace was born in Delaware around 1825; her husband was from West Indies and was born around 1813. As a young man, Devonshire worked as a waiter. The couple had a series of tragedies: in 1843, their 17-year-old passed away. Ten years later, their infant daughter died and another infant would follow in 1861. The Williams were left with a son and a daughter, both of whom were conceived later in the couple\u2019s lives (Grace was in her early forties and Devonshire in his fifties). To make ends meet, Grace worked as a laundress and Devonshire sold cakes and pies around Philadelphia.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text: Asbury Denny&#8217;s Bakery&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.4&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asbury Denny&#8217;s Bakery:<\/strong> Asbury Denny was an African American baker originally from Delaware. He ran a bakery with his wife on Lombard St. In 1863, he also enlisted as a soldier, serving in the 3rd U.S. Colored Infantry.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text: Ellis Peer&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.4&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ellis Peer:<\/strong> Confectioner Ellis Peer ran his business on South St. with his wife Eliza Peer. In the same household lived a saddler named Moses Wheeler. An 1860 census values his estate at 900 dollars.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.18.9&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/mobilitymigration1855\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/01\/Panorama-from-Philadelphia-State-House-steeple-1838.jpg&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221; prev_background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221;][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.18.9&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.77)&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; module_class=&#8221; et_pb_row_fullwidth&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|2em||2em&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Gallery: Bakeries&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.18.9&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3954 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Woman-vendor.jpeg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Woman-vendor.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Photograph of a woman vendor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Woman-vendor.jpeg 502w, https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Woman-vendor-198x300.jpeg 198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1727'>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Selling food items in public areas is one of the few ways to earn a living in 19th-century Philadelphia. Above is a picture of an unnamed African American vendor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. &#8220;Woman vendor&#8221;&nbsp;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/96c15cce-a420-32c3-e040-e00a1806508f\" target=\"_blank\">The New York Public Library Digital Collections<\/a><span>. 1860 &#8211; 1960.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Old-houses-on-the-north-side-of-Arch-St.-.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Old-houses-on-the-north-side-of-Arch-St.-.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Photograph of old houses on the north side of Arch St.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-1729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Old-houses-on-the-north-side-of-Arch-St.-.jpg 376w, https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2018\/04\/Old-houses-on-the-north-side-of-Arch-St.--216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-1729'>\n\t\t\t\tFrederick de Bourg. &#8220;Old houses, on the north side of Arch St.&#8221; ca. 1859. Image Courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.librarycompany.org\/collections\/prints\/\" target=\"_blank\">Library Company of Philadelphia<\/a>.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS BAKERIES Cake and Pie Peddlers: Devonshire and Grace Williams lived in Lisle St. for more than 40 years. Grace was born in Delaware around 1825; her husband was from West Indies and was born around 1813. As a young man, Devonshire worked as a waiter. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":4638,"parent":845,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3954","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS BAKERIES Cake and Pie Peddlers: Devonshire and Grace Williams lived in Lisle St. for more than 40 years. Grace was born in Delaware around 1825; her husband was from West Indies and was born around 1813. As a young man, Devonshire worked as a waiter. The [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-13T18:32:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/02\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-07-03T18:07:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-13T18:32:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":675},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/bakeries\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sites of Activity\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/sites-of-activity\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Bakeries\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions\",\"description\":\"An exhibit in the collection of the Colored Conventions Project\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\\\/black-mobility\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions","og_description":"THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MOBILITY: TRAVELING TO MID-CENTURY CONVENTIONS BAKERIES Cake and Pie Peddlers: Devonshire and Grace Williams lived in Lisle St. for more than 40 years. Grace was born in Delaware around 1825; her husband was from West Indies and was born around 1813. As a young man, Devonshire worked as a waiter. The [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/","og_site_name":"The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions","article_modified_time":"2025-04-13T18:32:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/02\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/","url":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/","name":"Bakeries - The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/02\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png","datePublished":"2019-07-03T18:07:25+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-13T18:32:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/02\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/02\/banner_exhibits_black-mobility.png","width":1200,"height":675},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/bakeries\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sites of Activity","item":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/sites-of-activity\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Bakeries"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/#website","url":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/","name":"The Fight for Black Mobility: Traveling to Mid-Century Conventions","description":"An exhibit in the collection of the Colored Conventions Project","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PccWA6-11M","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3954"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4446,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3954\/revisions\/4446"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/black-mobility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}