{"id":3411,"date":"2019-05-12T20:55:06","date_gmt":"2019-05-12T20:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/jessica-thelen-spring-2019\/?page_id=3411"},"modified":"2026-03-03T21:47:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T21:47:20","slug":"radical-black-activists-and-john-brown","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/john-brown\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/john-brown\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2026\/02\/exhibit-john-brown.png&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; module_class=&#8221; et_pb_row_fullwidth&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(2,18,33,0.5)&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;5em|5em|5em|5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Exhibit Header and Subhead&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#e6ebf0&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 36pt;\"><strong>RADICAL BLACK ACTIVISTS AND JOHN BROWN<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; max_width=&#8221;25%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Intro Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Lato|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;PT Sans|300|||||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#e6ebf0&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(1,12,22,0.65) 0%|rgba(0,6,11,0.65) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(1,12,22,0.65)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,6,11,0.65)&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px&#8221; text_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_color=&#8221;#00060b&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Over the course of two days in 1858, Black activists and white allies met in Chatham, Canada, to discuss John Brown\u2019s plans for overthrowing \u201cthe infernal institution\u201d of slavery.\u00a0 This exhibit explores Black convention activists&#8217; relationships with John Brown. It provides a richer and more complex understanding of the influence of Black\u00a0 activist networks on one of the most well-known radicals of the nineteenth century.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/jessica-thelen-spring-2019\/?page_id=3431&#038;preview=true&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Explore&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#e6ebf0&#8243; button_bg_color=&#8221;#70073e&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; button_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; button_text_color_hover=&#8221;#70073e&#8221; button_border_radius_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_bg_color_hover=&#8221;#f7f9fa&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; button_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_color__hover=&#8221;#70073e&#8221; button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_radius__hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; button_bg_color__hover=&#8221;#f7f9fa&#8221; button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px&#8221; top_divider_color=&#8221;#561520&#8243; top_divider_arrangement=&#8221;above_content&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;21px|0px|6px|0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Credits&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; text_text_color=&#8221;#000509&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Credits<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Curator: <\/strong>Jessica Thelen, PhD student in English. Created for Dr. P. Gabrielle Foreman&#8217;s ENGL\/HIST 677 class, Spring, 2019, University of Delaware.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edited by\u00a0<\/strong>P. Gabrielle Foreman, Penn State University, and Samantha Q. de Vera, UC Irvine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Proofread and technical review by<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Kaitlyn Tanis, University of Delaware, Eunice Toh, Penn State University, and Lauren Cooper, Penn State University.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acknowledgements:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Derrick Spires (Associate Professor of English at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Dr. Jeffrey Insko (Associate Professor and Coordinator of American Studies at Oakland University), Dr. Kellie Carter Jackson (Assistant Professor of Africana Studies, Wellesley College), Michelle Byrnes, Anna Lacy, Lauren Cooper, Eunice Toh, and &#8220;academic twitter,&#8221; specifically #twitterstorians.<\/p>\n<p><b>Special thanks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\"> to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\">Gale, a Cengage Company<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\">Accessible Archives Inc.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\">\u00ae for granting permission for the use of the materials from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gale.com\/c\/19th-century-us-newspapers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\">19th Century U.S. Newspaper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.accessible-archives.com\/collections\/african-american-newspapers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\">African American Newspapers: The 19th Century.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>The Colored Conventions Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 500;\"> works with teaching partners and their students to create digital content on the rich history of Black political organizing in the nineteenth-century. Visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/teaching\">Teaching Partners page<\/a>\u00a0to browse the curriculum and find information on becoming a teaching partner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cover image<\/strong> (Clockwise left to right):\u00a0John Brown via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Brown_%28abolitionist%29#\/media\/File:John_Brown_by_Augustus_Washington,_1846-7.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons;\u00a0<\/a>Henry Highland Garnet, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/garnet-henry-highland-1815-1881\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blackpast.org<\/a>; Jermain Loguen, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jermain_Wesley_Loguen#\/media\/File:Bishop_Jermain_Loguen_1835.jpg\" target=\"blank\">Howard University Gallery of Art via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>; Osborne Perry (P.) Anderson, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/anderson-osborne-p-1830-1872\/\" target=\"blank\">www.blackpast.org<\/a>; Martin R. Delany, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heinzhistorycenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Delany_StreetClothes.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heinz History Center\/Smithsonian Institution<\/a>; Anna Murray Douglass, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/memory.loc.gov\/service\/pnp\/cph\/3b20000\/3b29000\/3b29800\/3b29812r.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress<\/a>; Frederick Douglass, source Art Institute of Chicago; Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frances_Harper#\/media\/File:Mrs._F._E._W._Harper,_Author_and_Lecturer,_Philadelphia,_Pa.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Public Library Digital Collections<\/a>; Harriet Tubman, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/tubman-harriet-ross-c-1821-1913\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blackpast.org<\/a>; Abraham Shadd, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chatham-kent.ca\/aghof\/inductees\/Pages\/Shadd,-Abraham-D.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chatham-Kent Archives<\/a>; Isaac D. Shadd, source: <a href=\"http:\/\/musingsmmst.blogspot.com\/2014\/02\/black-history-month-chatham-kent-black.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chatham-Kent Black Historical Society<\/a>; Mary Ann Shadd Cary, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Ann_Shadd#\/media\/File:Mary_Ann_Shadd.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>; Mary Ellen Pleasant, source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oac.cdlib.org\/ark:\/13030\/tf8k40116x\/?order=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bancroft Library, Online Archive of California<\/a>. Background: map of Harpers Ferry Raid, c.1909, by W.E.B. Du Bois, source: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Map_of_Harpers_Ferry.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RADICAL BLACK ACTIVISTS AND JOHN BROWNOver the course of two days in 1858, Black activists and white allies met in Chatham, Canada, to discuss John Brown\u2019s plans for overthrowing \u201cthe infernal institution\u201d of slavery.\u00a0 This exhibit explores Black convention activists&#8217; relationships with John Brown. 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