{"id":3795,"date":"2019-05-11T20:10:40","date_gmt":"2019-05-11T20:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/jessica-thelen-spring-2019\/?page_id=3795"},"modified":"2026-02-10T19:49:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T19:49:56","slug":"garnet-and-radical-abolitionism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/john-brown\/black-radical-influence\/garnet-and-radical-abolitionism\/","title":{"rendered":"Garnet and Radical Abolitionism"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Page Head” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”Page Header” module_class=”page-header” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Exhibit Title” module_id=”exhibit-title” _builder_version=”4.19.5″ text_font=”||||||||” header_text_color=”#00457A” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Radical Black Activists And John Brown<\/h2>\n

GARNET AND RADICAL ABOLITIONISM<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Introduction” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The radical activist networks that influenced and worked with Brown included those of formerly enslaved leaders such as Jermain Loguen, Henry Highland Garnet, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman. Of these, Brown was closest with Garnet, Loguen, and Douglass: \u201cEach of this trio had voiced strong and incendiary anti-slavery sentiments, confirming Brown\u2019s opinion that he had not misread the militant mood of the black community as a whole\u201d [1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Garnet has been described as \u201ca firebrand after Brown\u2019s own heart.\u201d Garnet was just 27 years-old when he delivered the collaboratively authored, militant and divisive \u201cAn Address To The Slaves Of The United States” [2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This \u201cAddress\u201d was explicitly addressed to enslaved people in the South. It was delivered at the 1843 National Convention of Colored Citizens. Due to this, the convention itself was seen as controversial in that it permitted a speech \u201cthat could be interpreted as a call to the slaves to take action.\u201d By praising the insurrections of Denmark Vessey, Nat Turner, Joseph Cinque, and Madison Washington, Garnet did not shy away from a militant call to action [3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

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Henry Highland Garnet<\/h3>\n

Henry Highland Garnet, circa 1881. Source: blackpast.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Henry Highland Garnet” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\"B&W<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Bishop Jermaine Wesley Loguen” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”25px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Bishop Jermaine Wesley Loguen” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Jermain Loguen<\/h3>\n

Bishop Jermain Wesley Loguen, oil on canvas, c. 1835, by William Simpson. Image courtesy of Howard University Gallery of Art via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The speech was put to a vote for its adoption, and only lost by one vote [4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Those who opposed it included prominent Garrisonian abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and Charles Lenox Remond. Douglass argued that the \u201cAddress\u201d had \u201ctoo much physical force in both the address and the speaker\u201d [5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In summarizing the objections to the speech, Garnet wrote: \u201c(1) That the document was war-like and encouraged insurrection; and (2) That if the convention should adopt it, that those delegates who lived near the borders of the slave states, would not dare return to their homes\u201d [6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Garnet delivered the speech again at the 1847 National Negro Convention, which was held at Garnet\u2019s Liberty Street Presbyterian Church. The speech received a largely enthusiastic response, but once again failed to be voted into adoption [7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These setbacks did not deter Garnet from spreading a message of militant, radical abolitionism. Indeed, in May 1858, Garnet attended the American Abolition Society\u2019s anniversary convention: \u201cin an address, he called for increased efforts to destroy slavery. As a member of the convention\u2019s executive committee, he took a leading role in formulating many of the resolutions\u201d [8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_4,1_4″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Garnet continued to advocate for the \u201ctotal destruction of slavery\u201d throughout 1858. Garnet was a delegate at the 1858 Colored Men\u2019s National Suffrage Convention in Troy, New York. He had hoped that \u201csuch a convention would endorse the Radical Abolitionists in the upcoming state elections. He planned a tour of New York to line up black support for the convention. He desired to have men such as Douglass and Loguen join him in his campaign\u201d [9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

At this point, many of the other Black Nationalists also supported and advocated for \u201cthe violent overthrow of slavery,\u201d such as Martin Delany, William Webb, and William C. Munroe. Such plans were discussed at the Chatham Convention, which were organized by Delany. Munroe served as president of the Chatham Convention [10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Although Garnet did not attend, he was aware of Brown\u2019s planned raid on Harpers Ferry. Indeed, although Garnet did not participate in the Chatham Convention, Brown’s language and actions were influenced by the words and actions of Garnet [11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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\"Daguerreotype<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”25px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Charles Lenox Remond” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Charles Lenox Remond<\/h3>\n

Daguerreotype of Charles Lenox Remond, ca. 1851-1856. Photographer: Samuel Broadbent. Image courtesy of Boston Public Library via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=”Credits & References” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”References” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

References<\/h3>\n

[1] <\/a>Quarles, Benjamin. Allies For Freedom: Blacks and John Brown. <\/em>Oxford University Press, 1974, p. 65.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Quarles 65.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ofari, Earl. \u201cLet Your Motto Be Resistance\u201d: The Life and Thought of Henry Highland Garnet.<\/em> Beacon Press, 1972, p. 36.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> For more information on the \u201cAddress,\u201d see Graves, Harrison; Asplaugh, Jake; Spires, Derrick. \u201cHenry Highland Garnet\u2019s \u2018Address to the Slaves And Its Colored Conventions Origins.\u201d Omeka RSS.2016. https:\/\/oldsite.coloredconventions.org\/garnet-address-1843\/full-address\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Ofari 38.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Ofari 38.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ofari\u00a046-47.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ofari 103.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Ofari 104-105.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Ofari 104-105.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> For more information on Garnet and Brown\u2019s interactions, see Henry Highland Garnet’s biography<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radical Black Activists And John Brown GARNET AND RADICAL ABOLITIONISMThe radical activist networks that influenced and worked with Brown included those of formerly enslaved leaders such as Jermain Loguen, Henry Highland Garnet, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman. Of these, Brown was closest with Garnet, Loguen, and Douglass: \u201cEach of this trio had voiced strong and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"parent":3488,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3795","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGarnet and Radical Abolitionism - Radical Black Activists and John Brown<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Garnet and Radical Abolitionism - Radical Black Activists and John Brown\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Radical Black Activists And John Brown GARNET AND RADICAL ABOLITIONISMThe radical activist networks that influenced and worked with Brown included those of formerly enslaved leaders such as Jermain Loguen, Henry Highland Garnet, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman. 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